hyponatrémiában

Hyponatremia is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and nerve function. When sodium levels drop too low, water can move into cells, causing them to swell.

The causes of hyponatremia are diverse and can include excessive fluid intake, certain medications such as diuretics, hormonal imbalances like SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion), kidney problems, severe vomiting or diarrhea, and heart failure. In some cases, it can be a symptom of an underlying illness.

Symptoms of hyponatremia can range from mild to severe and may include nausea, headache, confusion, fatigue, muscle weakness or cramps, and irritability. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, coma, and even death. The severity of symptoms often depends on how quickly the sodium levels drop.

Diagnosis typically involves a blood test to measure sodium levels. Further tests may be conducted to identify the underlying cause. Treatment strategies vary depending on the cause and severity of the hyponatremia. Mild cases might be managed by restricting fluid intake or adjusting medications. More severe or symptomatic cases may require intravenous administration of sodium solutions. Rapid correction of severe hyponatremia can also be dangerous and lead to neurological damage. Medical supervision is essential for managing this condition.