hypokalémiával

Hypokalemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. A normal serum potassium level typically ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 millimoles per liter. When potassium levels fall below this range, hypokalemia can occur.

The causes of hypokalemia are varied. Common culprits include excessive loss of potassium through the kidneys, often due to diuretic medications, or through the gastrointestinal tract via vomiting or diarrhea. Inadequate dietary intake of potassium can also contribute, though this is less common in individuals with a normal diet. Certain hormonal imbalances, such as hyperaldosteronism, can lead to increased potassium excretion. Additionally, some medications, including certain laxatives and asthma treatments, can lower potassium levels.

The symptoms of hypokalemia can range from mild to severe, depending on the degree of potassium deficiency. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. As potassium levels drop, individuals might experience muscle weakness, fatigue, and cramping. More severe hypokalemia can lead to constipation, abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), and even paralysis. Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test to measure serum potassium levels. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and replenishing potassium levels, either through oral supplements or, in severe cases, intravenous administration.