hypokaleemiaan

Hypokaleemiaan, also known as hypokalemia, refers to a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. Low potassium levels can disrupt these functions.

Common causes of hypokaleemiaan include excessive potassium loss through the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract, such as from persistent vomiting, diarrhea, or diuretic use. Inadequate dietary intake of potassium can also contribute, though this is less common as a sole cause. Certain medical conditions, like hyperaldosteronism, can also lead to increased potassium excretion.

Symptoms of hypokaleemiaan can vary depending on the severity of the potassium deficiency. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. However, more significant reductions can cause muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, and constipation. In severe instances, hypokaleemiaan can lead to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), paralysis, and even respiratory distress.

Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test to measure serum potassium levels. Electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be used to assess for cardiac abnormalities. Treatment focuses on replenishing potassium levels, either through oral or intravenous potassium supplements, and addressing the underlying cause of the deficiency. Dietary modifications to increase potassium intake may also be recommended.