hypogastriska

Hypogastriska refers to the hypogastric region, the anatomical area in the lower part of the abdomen and pelvis located below the stomach. In human anatomy, the term is used to describe structures and organs situated in this region.

In the common nine-region division of the abdomen, the hypogastric region is the central lower cell. It is bounded above by the umbilical region, laterally by the left and right iliac (inguinal) regions, and below by the pelvic brim.

Contents: The hypogastric region contains portions of the small intestine (distal ileum), the sigmoid colon, the urinary bladder, and, in females, pelvic reproductive organs (uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes) that lie in the pelvic cavity. In pregnancy, the uterus enlarges into this region.

Clinical relevance: Pain localized to the hypogastric region can indicate urinary tract problems, bladder infections, or pelvic disease such as endometriosis or inflammatory conditions. It is also a region assessed in abdominal examinations. Gynecological conditions and inflammatory bowel disease affecting the sigmoid colon may present with pain in this area.

Terminology and relations: The term "hypogastric" is derived from Greek hypo- "below" and gaster "stomach". The "hypogastric nerve" (or hypogastric plexus) is a network of autonomic nerves supplying pelvic organs; the term internal iliac artery is the modern equivalent of the historic "hypogastric artery".