hyperplasiája

Hyperplasiája is a term used in pathology to describe an increase in the number of cells within a tissue or organ. This increase in cell count is a physiological response to a stimulus and does not involve an increase in cell size, which would be termed hypertrophy. Hyperplasia is a normal adaptive response of the body to certain stimuli. For example, hormonal changes can cause hyperplasia. During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes hyperplasia to accommodate the growing fetus. Similarly, in puberty, breast tissue can exhibit hyperplasia. Excessive stimulation by hormones can lead to pathological hyperplasia, such as endometrial hyperplasia, which increases the risk of uterine cancer. Compensatory hyperplasia occurs when a tissue is damaged or removed. For instance, if a portion of the liver is surgically removed, the remaining liver cells will undergo hyperplasia to restore the organ's mass and function. Another example is the hyperplasia of red blood cells in response to chronic hypoxia, such as at high altitudes. Hyperplasia is a reversible process; if the stimulus is removed, the tissue may return to its normal size and cell number. However, in some cases, persistent hyperplasia can lead to further abnormalities. Understanding the causes and mechanisms of hyperplasia is crucial for diagnosing and managing various medical conditions.