hyperbilirubinemian

Hyperbilirubinemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow-orange pigment that is produced when red blood cells are broken down. It is normally excreted by the liver and bile ducts into the intestines, where it is converted into urobilinogen, a substance that gives stool its brown color. In hyperbilirubinemia, the body is unable to process and excrete bilirubin at a normal rate, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream.

Hyperbilirubinemia can be classified into two main types: conjugated and unconjugated. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, also known as indirect hyperbilirubinemia, occurs when there is an increase in the rate of red blood cell destruction or a decrease in the liver's ability to process bilirubin. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, also known as direct hyperbilirubinemia, occurs when there is an obstruction in the bile ducts, preventing bilirubin from being excreted into the intestines.

Symptoms of hyperbilirubinemia can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while severe cases can lead to jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, as well as other symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and abdominal pain. In infants, hyperbilirubinemia can lead to kernicterus, a neurological disorder caused by bilirubin accumulation in the brain.

The treatment of hyperbilirubinemia depends on the underlying cause. In cases of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, treatment may involve increasing the rate of red blood cell destruction or improving the liver's ability to process bilirubin. In cases of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, treatment may involve surgical intervention to remove the obstruction in the bile ducts. In severe cases, phototherapy may be used to break down bilirubin in the bloodstream.