hovercrafts

A hovercraft, also known as an air-cushion vehicle (ACV), is a type of craft that can travel over land, water, and other surfaces, such as mud or ice, by means of an air cushion. The air cushion is created by powerful fans that force air downwards, inflating a flexible skirt around the craft. This lift fan pushes the craft up, reducing friction and allowing it to glide.

Propulsion is typically provided by separate engines driving propellers or ducted fans, which push the hovercraft forward. Some hovercraft use the same engines for both lift and propulsion. The lack of direct contact with the surface allows hovercraft to traverse varied terrain that would be impassable for conventional boats or vehicles.

Hovercraft have found applications in various fields, including military transport, search and rescue, passenger ferries, and recreational use. Their ability to operate on water and land makes them versatile for amphibious operations. The design of a hovercraft involves careful consideration of lift fan power, skirt design for efficiency and durability, and propulsion systems to achieve desired speeds and maneuverability. Early hovercraft designs date back to the mid-20th century, with continuous development leading to improved performance and efficiency.