hiperkalémia

Hyperkalemia refers to a higher than normal level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is a vital electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. Typically, potassium levels are maintained within a narrow range by the kidneys. When the kidneys are unable to excrete sufficient potassium, or when there is an excessive release of potassium from cells into the bloodstream, hyperkalemia can occur.

Common causes of hyperkalemia include kidney failure, certain medications such as ACE inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics, and conditions like Addison's disease or uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms can vary widely, from none at all to severe cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, or even paralysis. In mild cases, it may be asymptomatic.

Diagnosis is made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be performed to assess for heart abnormalities caused by high potassium. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause. Mild hyperkalemia might be managed by dietary changes, while more severe cases may require medications to shift potassium into cells or to remove it from the body, or even dialysis. Prompt recognition and treatment are important to prevent serious complications, particularly those affecting the heart.