hiperkalcémia

Hypercalcemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood. Calcium plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction. When calcium levels become too high, it can disrupt these processes and lead to a variety of symptoms.

The most common causes of hypercalcemia include overactive parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism), certain types of cancer, and prolonged immobilization. Less common causes can include excessive intake of vitamin D or calcium supplements, certain medications, and specific medical conditions like sarcoidosis.

Symptoms of hypercalcemia can vary depending on the severity of the calcium elevation and the underlying cause. Mild cases may be asymptomatic or present with subtle symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and constipation. As calcium levels rise, symptoms can become more pronounced, including fatigue, bone pain, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and in severe cases, kidney stones, heart rhythm abnormalities, and even coma.

Diagnosis of hypercalcemia is typically made through a blood test that measures the serum calcium level. Further tests may be ordered to determine the underlying cause, such as parathyroid hormone levels, kidney function tests, and imaging studies.

Treatment for hypercalcemia depends on the cause and severity. Mild cases might be managed by addressing the underlying condition, increasing fluid intake, and reducing calcium intake. More severe cases may require intravenous fluids, medications to lower calcium levels, and potentially treatment for the underlying disease. Prompt medical attention is important for managing hypercalcemia to prevent serious complications.