hegemónicas

Hegemónicas is a term derived from the Greek word "hegemonia," meaning leadership or dominion. In sociology and political science, it refers to the dominance of one group over others, not necessarily through force, but through the establishment of its worldview, values, and norms as the accepted cultural and intellectual standard. This dominance is often achieved through consent rather than coercion, where the subordinate groups internalize the dominant group's perspective and accept it as natural or inevitable.

The concept of hegemony was significantly developed by the Italian Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci. Gramsci argued that the ruling class maintains power not only through economic and political control but also by shaping the consciousness and beliefs of the masses. This is achieved through institutions like education, media, and religion, which disseminate the dominant ideology. When hegemony is successful, the subordinate groups willingly participate in their own subjugation because they perceive the existing social order as legitimate and beneficial.

Hegemony can manifest in various spheres, including culture, politics, and economics. For example, in a patriarchal society, male dominance can be hegemonic, where traditional gender roles and expectations are widely accepted, influencing how individuals perceive themselves and their place in society. Similarly, a particular political ideology or economic system can become hegemonic, shaping public discourse and policy debates. Understanding hegemonic structures is crucial for analyzing power dynamics and social change, as it highlights the subtle yet powerful ways in which dominance is maintained and contested.