happoemästasapainojen

Happoemästasapainojen is a Finnish term that translates to "acid-base balance" in English. It refers to the physiological process that maintains the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the body's fluids within a narrow, stable range. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of all cells, tissues, and organs.

The body maintains acid-base balance through a complex interplay of buffer systems, the respiratory system, and the renal system. Buffer systems, such as the bicarbonate buffer system, are chemical mechanisms that can neutralize excess acids or bases. The respiratory system regulates the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, which is acidic. The kidneys play a vital role by excreting excess acids or bases and reabsorbing bicarbonate.

Disruptions to acid-base balance can lead to conditions known as acidosis (excess acidity) or alkalosis (excess alkalinity). Acidosis can result from conditions like severe respiratory problems, kidney failure, or uncontrolled diabetes. Alkalosis can occur due to hyperventilation, excessive vomiting, or certain electrolyte imbalances. These imbalances can have serious consequences, affecting enzyme activity, nerve function, and overall metabolism. Monitoring and correcting acid-base disturbances are essential aspects of medical care.