halmazállapotváltozását

Halmazállapotváltozás refers to the physical process where a substance transitions from one state of matter to another. The most common states are solid, liquid, and gas, though plasma is also recognized. These changes occur when energy is added or removed from the substance, typically in the form of heat. The specific temperature and pressure at which these transitions happen are characteristic properties of each substance.

Key halmazállapotváltozás processes include melting, where a solid transforms into a liquid, and freezing, the reverse process where a liquid becomes a solid. Boiling or evaporation is the transition from liquid to gas, while condensation is the opposite, a gas turning into a liquid. Sublimation is the direct change from solid to gas, bypassing the liquid phase, and deposition is the reverse, gas directly forming a solid.

These changes are reversible and do not alter the chemical composition of the substance. For instance, water can melt from ice (solid) to liquid water, and then boil into steam (gas), but it remains H2O throughout these transformations. The energy involved in these phase changes is known as latent heat. For example, the latent heat of fusion is the energy required to melt a unit mass of a solid at its melting point, and the latent heat of vaporization is the energy needed to convert a unit mass of liquid to gas at its boiling point. Understanding halmazállapotváltozás is fundamental to many scientific and engineering disciplines.