hadrónica

Hadrónica is a term used in particle physics to describe particles composed of quarks and held together by the strong nuclear force. The name "hadron" comes from the Greek word hadros, meaning "thick" or "strong," referring to the powerful force that binds them. Hadrons are categorized into two main groups: baryons and mesons. Baryons, such as protons and neutrons, are composed of three quarks. Mesons, on the other hand, are made up of one quark and one antiquark.

The strong nuclear force, mediated by particles called gluons, is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is incredibly strong at short distances, within the atomic nucleus, but its influence diminishes rapidly with increasing separation. This force is responsible for holding the quarks together within hadrons and also for binding protons and neutrons together to form atomic nuclei.

Quarks themselves are fundamental particles and do not exist in isolation. They are always found bound within hadrons. There are six known types of quarks, each with a different "flavor" and electric charge. These flavors are up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Baryons are formed by combinations of three quarks, while mesons are formed by a quark-antiquark pair. The specific combination of quarks determines the properties of the resulting hadron, such as its mass and charge. Studying hadrons helps physicists understand the fundamental nature of matter and the forces that govern it.