hüperthyroidismi

Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck that produces hormones essential for regulating metabolism. When there is an excess of these hormones, specifically thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), the body's metabolic rate speeds up. This can lead to a wide range of symptoms.

Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include unintended weight loss, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, tremors (usually fine shaking of the hands or fingers), increased sweating, heat intolerance, changes in bowel patterns, and muscle weakness. Women may experience lighter or irregular menstrual periods. In some cases, hyperthyroidism can cause a goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. A specific cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid. Other causes can include nodules on the thyroid gland or inflammation of the thyroid.

Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism typically involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Physical examination and imaging tests may also be used. Treatment aims to reduce the amount of thyroid hormone produced. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy thyroid cells, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. With appropriate treatment, hyperthyroidism can be managed effectively, and symptoms can improve significantly.