hüdroksiaalhappe

Hydroxamic acid is a functional group in organic chemistry that contains the structure R-C(=O)NR'OH, where R is an organic radical, and R' can be hydrogen or an organic radical. They are derivatives of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is replaced by a hydroxylamino group (-NHOH). Hydroxamic acids are known for their ability to chelate metal ions, particularly iron. This chelating property is significant and underlies many of their applications.

The synthesis of hydroxamic acids typically involves the reaction of a carboxylic acid ester with a hydroxylamine. Alternatively, they can be prepared from acid chlorides and hydroxylamine, or from nitriles. The resulting compounds can exist as tautomers, with the oxime form sometimes being more stable than the hydroxamic acid form.

Hydroxamic acids have found various applications. For instance, deferoxamine, a hydroxamic acid derivative, is used as a drug to treat iron overload. Belinostat, another hydroxamic acid, is an example of a histone deacetylase inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Their metal-chelating abilities also make them useful in analytical chemistry for the detection and quantification of metal ions. Furthermore, some hydroxamic acids exhibit antifungal and antibacterial properties. Research continues to explore new applications for this versatile class of compounds.