gények

Gények are the fundamental units of heredity, passed from parents to offspring. They are segments of DNA, a molecule that carries genetic instructions. These instructions dictate the development and functioning of all known living organisms. Genes are organized on chromosomes, which are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of cells.

Each gene has a specific sequence of chemical bases that serves as a code. This code determines the production of proteins, which are essential molecules that perform a vast array of functions in the body. Proteins build tissues, catalyze biochemical reactions, and regulate cellular processes. The specific combination and expression of an individual's genes contribute to their unique traits, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases.

The study of genes, known as genetics, explores how traits are inherited and how genes function. Genes can undergo changes, called mutations, which can alter their instructions and potentially lead to variations in traits or diseases. Understanding genes is crucial for advancements in medicine, agriculture, and evolutionary biology.