granülamatöz

Granülomatöz refers to a type of inflammation characterized by the formation of granulomas. Granulomas are microscopic collections of specialized immune cells, primarily macrophages, that aggregate in response to persistent irritants. These irritants can include infectious agents like bacteria or fungi, foreign materials, or even the body's own cells in cases of autoimmune disease.

The process of granuloma formation involves macrophages differentiating into larger cells called epithelioid cells. These cells often fuse together to form multinucleated giant cells. The granuloma is typically surrounded by lymphocytes, another type of white blood cell. This organized structure is a defense mechanism, aiming to wall off and contain the offending agent.

Granulomatous inflammation can be seen in a variety of conditions. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and certain fungal infections are common causes. Non-infectious causes include Crohn's disease, foreign body reactions, and some types of drug reactions. The specific location and appearance of granulomas can provide clues to the underlying disease. Diagnosis often involves biopsy and microscopic examination of the affected tissue. Treatment depends on the specific cause of the granulomatous inflammation.