grampozitívnym

Grampozitívnym is a term used in microbiology to describe bacteria that retain a primary stain (crystal violet) during the Gram staining procedure. This retention is due to the unique structure of their cell wall. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer outside their cytoplasmic membrane. This thick layer traps the crystal violet-iodine complex, preventing it from being decolorized by the alcohol wash. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria, which have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane, lose the crystal violet stain and are subsequently counterstained by safranin, appearing pink or red.

The Gram stain is a crucial differential staining technique used for classifying bacteria. The distinction between Gram-positive and Gram-negative is fundamental for identifying bacterial species and understanding their characteristics. Gram-positive bacteria are associated with a variety of diseases, and their cell wall structure influences their susceptibility to certain antibiotics, particularly those that target peptidoglycan synthesis. Examples of common Gram-positive bacteria include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus species. Their colonial morphology, biochemical properties, and pathogenic potential can vary significantly depending on the specific genus and species. Understanding the Gram-positive status of a bacterium is often the first step in its laboratory identification and guides subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.