glyoxýlati

Glyoxylate, also known as formylformate or the glyoxylate anion, is a chemical compound with the formula C2H2O3. It is the conjugate base of glyoxylic acid. Glyoxylate is a dicarbonyl compound, meaning it contains two carbonyl groups, though in its common form it exists as an enolate or a hydrate. It is a key intermediate in various metabolic pathways, most notably in the glyoxylate cycle, which allows organisms to metabolize acetyl-CoA when other carbon sources are limited. This cycle is found in bacteria, fungi, plants, and some invertebrates. In humans and other mammals, the glyoxylate cycle is absent, and the glyoxylate produced from metabolism is further processed. Glyoxylate can be converted to oxalate, which can be excreted or, in excess, contribute to kidney stone formation. It also plays a role in the synthesis of amino acids like glycine and serine. Industrially, glyoxylic acid, from which glyoxylate is derived, is used in the production of vanillin, allantoin, and other fine chemicals.