glykopeptidin

Glycopeptidins are a class of naturally occurring peptide antibiotics that possess a glycopeptide structure. They are produced by various species of bacteria, particularly those belonging to the genus Actinoplanes. These compounds are characterized by the presence of a peptide core that is extensively glycosylated, meaning sugar molecules are attached to the peptide chain. The specific arrangement and type of sugar residues, as well as the amino acid sequence of the peptide core, vary among different glycopeptidins, leading to a diverse range of structures and biological activities.

Glycopeptidins exert their antimicrobial effects primarily by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. They bind to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of the peptidoglycan precursors, preventing their cross-linking and ultimately leading to cell lysis. This mechanism of action makes them effective against a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including some antibiotic-resistant strains like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). However, their activity against Gram-negative bacteria is generally limited due to the presence of an outer membrane that acts as a barrier. Research into glycopeptidins is ongoing, focusing on their potential as therapeutic agents and on understanding their biosynthetic pathways and structure-activity relationships.