glomerulusfiltrációs

Glomerulusfiltrációs refers to the process by which fluid and small solutes are filtered from the blood into Bowman's capsule in the nephron of the kidney. This is the initial step in urine formation. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that is surrounded by Bowman's capsule. The filtration barrier consists of three layers: the fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the glomerular basement membrane, and the podocytes, which are specialized cells that form the inner layer of Bowman's capsule.

This barrier allows for the passage of water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, urea, and other small molecules from the blood into the capsular space. Larger molecules such as proteins and blood cells are retained in the capillaries due to their size and charge. The driving force for filtration is the glomerular hydrostatic pressure, which is the blood pressure within the glomerular capillaries. This pressure is opposed by the capsular hydrostatic pressure (the pressure within Bowman's capsule) and the blood colloid osmotic pressure (the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the blood).

The rate at which fluid is filtered from the glomeruli into Bowman's capsule is known as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is a crucial indicator of kidney function. It is normally maintained within a narrow range, despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure, through mechanisms of autoregulation. These mechanisms include the myogenic response and the tubuloglomerular feedback. Changes in GFR can signal kidney disease or other physiological conditions.