gliotransmiterów

Gliotransmitters are signaling molecules released by glial cells, which are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system. Historically, glial cells were thought to play only supportive roles for neurons, but it is now understood that they are active participants in neural communication. Gliotransmitters, including molecules like glutamate, ATP, D-serine, and GABA, are stored in vesicles within glial cells and can be released in response to neuronal activity or other stimuli.

Once released, gliotransmitters can bind to receptors on both neurons and other glial cells. This interaction can modulate synaptic transmission, influencing the strength and plasticity of connections between neurons. For example, gliotransmitter release can lead to the enhancement or depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. They also play a role in regulating blood flow in the brain, supporting neuronal metabolism, and contributing to the development and maintenance of neural circuits. The precise mechanisms of gliotransmitter release and their specific functions are areas of ongoing research, but their involvement in complex brain functions such as learning, memory, and pain perception is increasingly recognized.