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Glycerinaldehyde is a simple organic compound with the chemical formula C3H6O3. It is one of the two triose sugars, the other being dihydroxyacetone. Glycerinaldehyde is a monosaccharide and a carbohydrate. It exists as a pair of enantiomers due to the presence of a chiral center. The D-glycerinaldehyde and L-glycerinaldehyde forms are mirror images of each other. In solution, glycerinaldehyde can exist in equilibrium with its cyclic hemiacetal form.

Glycerinaldehyde is a key intermediate in glycolysis, the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose for energy. It is formed from the breakdown of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate, a phosphorylated derivative, is then further processed in glycolysis. This molecule also plays a role in the synthesis of glycerol and other important biological molecules.

Historically, glycerinaldehyde was one of the first sugars to be synthesized in the laboratory. Its structure and properties have been extensively studied, contributing to our understanding of carbohydrate chemistry and metabolism. Its simple three-carbon structure makes it a fundamental building block in biochemistry.