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Genotoxic substances are agents that have the potential to cause damage to an organism's genetic material, such as DNA or RNA. This damage can lead to mutations, which are changes in the genetic code that can affect the structure and function of genes. Genotoxic substances can be classified into two main categories: physical agents and chemical agents.

Physical agents include radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, X-rays, and gamma rays. These agents can cause

The effects of genotoxic substances can be immediate or delayed. Immediate effects may include DNA strand breaks,

The study of genotoxic substances is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of genetic damage and for developing

breaks
in
the
DNA
strands,
leading
to
mutations.
Chemical
agents,
on
the
other
hand,
include
various
compounds
that
can
directly
interact
with
DNA
or
interfere
with
the
processes
that
maintain
its
integrity.
Examples
of
chemical
genotoxins
include
certain
drugs,
environmental
pollutants,
and
naturally
occurring
substances.
base
modifications,
and
the
formation
of
DNA
adducts.
Delayed
effects
can
occur
over
time
and
may
include
the
development
of
cancer,
genetic
disorders,
and
other
health
issues.
strategies
to
prevent
and
mitigate
the
harmful
effects
of
these
agents.
This
includes
the
development
of
protective
measures,
such
as
personal
protective
equipment,
and
the
regulation
of
potentially
harmful
substances
in
the
environment
and
workplace.
Additionally,
research
in
this
area
can
lead
to
the
discovery
of
new
therapeutic
agents
and
the
improvement
of
existing
ones.