genotóxico

Genotoxic substances are agents that have the potential to cause damage to an organism's genetic material, such as DNA or RNA. This damage can lead to mutations, which are changes in the genetic code that can affect the structure and function of genes. Genotoxic substances can be classified into two main categories: physical agents and chemical agents.

Physical agents include radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, X-rays, and gamma rays. These agents can cause breaks in the DNA strands, leading to mutations. Chemical agents, on the other hand, include various compounds that can directly interact with DNA or interfere with the processes that maintain its integrity. Examples of chemical genotoxins include certain drugs, environmental pollutants, and naturally occurring substances.

The effects of genotoxic substances can be immediate or delayed. Immediate effects may include DNA strand breaks, base modifications, and the formation of DNA adducts. Delayed effects can occur over time and may include the development of cancer, genetic disorders, and other health issues.

The study of genotoxic substances is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of genetic damage and for developing strategies to prevent and mitigate the harmful effects of these agents. This includes the development of protective measures, such as personal protective equipment, and the regulation of potentially harmful substances in the environment and workplace. Additionally, research in this area can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic agents and the improvement of existing ones.