gasificación

Gasificación is a thermochemical process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as coal, biomass, or waste, into a synthesis gas, also known as syngas. Syngas is primarily a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), with smaller amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). This conversion typically occurs at high temperatures (above 700 degrees Celsius) and under controlled pressure and oxygen supply.

The process involves partial oxidation, gasification, and reduction reactions. In the initial stage, the feedstock undergoes drying and pyrolysis, where volatile components are released. Subsequently, the solid char reacts with the gasifying agent (usually steam, oxygen, or air) to produce syngas. The composition of the syngas can be tailored by adjusting the gasifying agent and operating conditions.

Gasification offers a versatile pathway for energy recovery and chemical production. The generated syngas can be used as a fuel to produce electricity in gas engines or turbines. Alternatively, it can serve as a building block for synthesizing various chemicals, including methanol, ammonia, and synthetic fuels through processes like the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. This technology is considered a way to valorize low-grade fuels and waste materials, contributing to a more sustainable energy landscape.