gapjunctionproteiinien

Gap junction proteins, also known as connexins in vertebrates and innexins in invertebrates, are integral membrane proteins that form intercellular channels. These channels, called gap junctions, directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for the passage of small molecules and ions. This direct communication is crucial for a wide range of physiological processes.

The primary function of gap junctions is to facilitate electrical and metabolic coupling between cells. Electrical coupling allows for rapid propagation of action potentials in excitable tissues like the heart and nervous system. Metabolic coupling enables the exchange of nutrients, signaling molecules, and waste products, which is vital for tissue homeostasis and development.

Gap junction proteins assemble into hexamers that dock with similar hexamers in neighboring cells to form a complete channel. The composition of gap junction proteins can vary, leading to channels with different permeabilities and regulatory properties. This diversity allows for cell-specific regulation of intercellular communication. Dysfunctional gap junctions are implicated in various diseases, including cardiac arrhythmias, neurodegenerative disorders, and certain types of cancer, highlighting their essential role in maintaining cellular health.