fényérzékenyít

Fényérzékenyítő is a Hungarian term that translates to photosensitizer or light-sensitizing agent. In chemistry and medicine, a photosensitizer is a chemical compound that reacts when it absorbs light. This absorption of light energy can then be transferred to another molecule, typically oxygen, to create a reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen. These reactive species are highly energetic and can damage surrounding biological molecules like DNA, proteins, and lipids.

Photosensitizers have various applications. In medicine, photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers to treat certain types of cancer and other diseases. A photosensitizer is administered to the patient, and it accumulates in the target cells. Subsequently, the area is exposed to a specific wavelength of light. The photosensitizer absorbs the light, becomes activated, and generates reactive oxygen species that destroy the targeted cells. Photosensitizers are also used in some diagnostic procedures and for antimicrobial purposes.

Beyond medicine, photosensitizers are employed in industries like photography, printing, and the creation of materials that cure under UV light. The principle remains the same: light absorption triggers a chemical reaction. The specific chemical structure of a photosensitizer determines the wavelength of light it absorbs and the type of photochemical reaction it can initiate.