fázisátalakulásoknál

Fázisátalakulásoknál refers to phase transitions in thermodynamics. A phase transition is a physical process that results in the transformation of one phase into another. Common examples include melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid), boiling (liquid to gas), and condensation (gas to liquid). Sublimation (solid to gas) and deposition (gas to solid) are also phase transitions. These changes occur at specific temperatures and pressures, known as transition points. For instance, water transitions from solid ice to liquid water at its melting point (0 degrees Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure) and from liquid water to gaseous steam at its boiling point (100 degrees Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure).

During a phase transition, the substance's physical properties, such as density, viscosity, and heat capacity, change abruptly. This often involves the absorption or release of latent heat. Latent heat is the energy transferred during a phase transition that does not change the temperature of the substance. For example, when ice melts, it absorbs latent heat of fusion to become liquid water at the same temperature. Similarly, when water boils, it absorbs latent heat of vaporization.

Phase transitions are fundamental to understanding the behavior of matter and are crucial in many scientific and engineering applications, including materials science, meteorology, and chemical engineering. The study of phase transitions involves concepts like phase diagrams, which illustrate the conditions under which different phases of a substance exist in equilibrium. Critical phenomena, observed near phase transition points, are also a significant area of research, exploring how systems behave as they approach these critical states.