fázisátalakulásokkal

Fázisátalakulások refers to phase transitions, which are physical processes where a substance changes from one state (phase) to another. These transitions occur at specific temperatures and pressures. Common examples include melting, where a solid becomes a liquid, and boiling, where a liquid becomes a gas. Other significant phase transitions include sublimation (solid to gas) and deposition (gas to solid), as well as condensation (gas to liquid).

These transformations are driven by changes in the internal energy and molecular arrangement of the substance. For instance, during melting, heat energy is absorbed, increasing the kinetic energy of the molecules enough to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them in a fixed solid structure. Similarly, during boiling, more energy is added to allow molecules to escape the liquid phase entirely and move freely as a gas.

The reverse processes, such as freezing (liquid to solid) and condensation, involve the release of energy. The temperature at which a phase transition occurs at a given pressure is known as the transition point, like the melting point or boiling point. These transitions are fundamental to understanding the behavior of matter and have wide-ranging applications in science and engineering, from metallurgy to meteorology.