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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, often abbreviated as F-1,6-BP, is a key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. It is a six-carbon sugar phosphate that plays a crucial role in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In glycolysis, the pathway that breaks down glucose for energy, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is formed by the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphofructokinase. This step is a major regulatory point in glycolysis, controlling the rate of glucose breakdown. Subsequently, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two three-carbon molecules, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, by the enzyme aldolase.

In gluconeogenesis, the process of synthesizing glucose, the reverse reaction occurs. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is synthesized from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, which is then converted back to fructose-6-phosphate. This molecule is also involved in other metabolic pathways, including the pentose phosphate pathway. Its presence and concentration are important indicators of cellular metabolic status. The molecule has the chemical formula C6H14O12P2.