fosforpentakloriid

Fosforpentakloriid is the chemical compound with the formula PCl5. It is a white crystalline solid at room temperature. In its pure form, it exists as a trigonal bipyramidal molecule. However, in the solid state, it is ionic, consisting of the tetrachlorophosphonium cation ([PCl4]+) and the hexachlorophosphate anion ([PCl6]-). In the gas phase and in molten form, it exists as discrete trigonal bipyramidal PCl5 molecules. PCl5 is highly reactive and a strong chlorinating agent. It reacts vigorously with water to produce phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. It can also react with many organic compounds, substituting chlorine atoms for hydrogen atoms or adding chlorine across double or triple bonds. The compound is typically prepared by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride with chlorine gas. The reaction is reversible and favored at higher temperatures. Fosforpentakloriid is used in organic synthesis as a reagent for chlorination reactions, including the conversion of carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides and the synthesis of various organophosphorus compounds. It is also used in the production of certain pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Due to its reactivity, it must be handled with care in a dry environment, as it is corrosive and releases irritating fumes upon contact with moisture.