fosforipentakloridu

Phosphorus pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula PCl5. It is a colorless crystalline solid that readily sublimes. Phosphorus pentachloride is a reactive chlorinating agent and is often used in organic synthesis. It is highly sensitive to moisture and reacts vigorously with water to produce phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.

The compound is synthesized by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride with chlorine gas. It exists as a trigonal bipyramidal molecule in the gaseous and liquid states. In the solid state, it adopts an ionic structure consisting of the tetrachlorophosphonium cation ([PCl4]+) and the hexachlorophosphate anion ([PCl6]-).

Phosphorus pentachloride is a strong Lewis acid. Its reactivity makes it useful for converting carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides and alcohols to alkyl chlorides. It is also employed in the production of other phosphorus compounds. Due to its corrosive nature and reactivity with water, handling requires careful precautions in a dry atmosphere. Exposure can cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.