fosforilaatioon

Fosforilaatio is a biochemical process in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule, typically an organic compound. This process is catalyzed by enzymes known as kinases. The phosphate group is transferred from a donor molecule, usually ATP (adenosine triphosphate), to the target molecule, resulting in the formation of a phosphoester bond. Fosforilaatio plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, gene regulation, and metabolism. It is a reversible process, with the removal of the phosphate group, known as dephosphorylation, also being catalyzed by specific enzymes called phosphatases. The addition or removal of phosphate groups can alter the activity, localization, or stability of proteins, thereby regulating cellular functions. Fosforilaatio is a fundamental mechanism in biological systems, essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to environmental changes.