fosfatid

Fosfatid is a term derived from the word "phosphate," referring to a class of organic molecules that are crucial components of cell membranes and play vital roles in various biological processes. More specifically, it often refers to phospholipids, which are a type of lipid characterized by a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group. This phosphate group is typically linked to another small molecule, such as choline, ethanolamine, or serine, forming a hydrophilic (water-loving) head. The fatty acid chains, on the other hand, are hydrophobic (water-repelling).

This amphipathic nature, possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, allows phospholipids to spontaneously assemble into lipid bilayers, the fundamental structure of all biological membranes. These membranes act as barriers, regulating the passage of substances into and out of cells and organelles. Beyond their structural role, fosfatids are involved in cell signaling, energy storage, and the absorption of fats. They are essential for the proper functioning of all living organisms.