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Formaldehyde, also known as methanal, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2O. It is the simplest of the aldehydes, characterized by a formyl group (-CHO) attached to a hydrogen atom. Pure formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent, irritating odor. It is highly soluble in water and readily polymerizes.

Formaldehyde is a versatile chemical intermediate widely used in the production of various materials. A significant portion of its industrial production is dedicated to the manufacture of resins, such as urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins. These resins are essential components in adhesives, coatings, particleboard, plywood, and laminates. Formaldehyde is also used in the production of other chemicals, including methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), a precursor to polyurethane foams, and as a disinfectant and preservative due to its biocidal properties.

Exposure to formaldehyde can occur through inhalation or skin contact. Inhaling formaldehyde vapor can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, and at higher concentrations, it can cause respiratory problems. It is classified as a known human carcinogen by several health organizations, primarily linked to nasopharyngeal cancer and leukemia. Due to its health risks, regulations are in place in many countries to limit occupational and environmental exposure to formaldehyde.