fitiocannabinoides

Phytocannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds produced by certain plants, most notably Cannabis species. They interact with the endocannabinoid system in animals, influencing receptors and signaling pathways, and may have psychoactive or non-psychoactive effects.

In Cannabis, cannabinoids are produced in resinous trichomes. The most common phytocannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), existing as acidic precursors THCA and CBDA. Upon heating, THCA decarboxylates to THC and CBDA decarboxylates to CBD. Other notable cannabinoids include cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), and many minor compounds; their levels vary by cultivar, plant part, and processing.

Phytocannabinoids act on the endocannabinoid system mainly via CB1 receptors in the brain and CB2 receptors in the immune system, among other targets. THC is a partial CB1 agonist and is primarily responsible for psychoactivity, while CBD has low CB1/CB2 affinity and modulates several receptors and channels, contributing to anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant effects. The pharmacology is complex and can involve interactions with TRP channels, ion channels, and enzymes.

Uses include medical applications for pain, nausea, spasticity, and certain epilepsies, as well as recreational and nutraceutical products. Legal status varies by country and region. Safety considerations include potential drug interactions, pregnancy risks, and quality control issues related to contamination or adulteration.