feromagnetickým

Ferromagnetism is a type of magnetism that occurs in certain materials, known as ferromagnetic materials, which are strongly attracted by a magnetic field and can become permanent magnets. This phenomenon is due to the alignment of magnetic moments of atoms within the material, which are caused by the spin of electrons. In ferromagnetic materials, these magnetic moments tend to align parallel to each other, creating a net magnetic field.

The alignment of magnetic moments in ferromagnetic materials is not permanent; it can be disrupted by thermal energy. Above a certain temperature, known as the Curie temperature, the thermal energy becomes strong enough to randomize the magnetic moments, causing the material to lose its ferromagnetic properties. Below the Curie temperature, the magnetic moments tend to align spontaneously, creating a spontaneous magnetization.

Ferromagnetism is responsible for the behavior of common magnets, such as those used in everyday applications like refrigerator magnets and magnetic storage devices. The strength of ferromagnetism in a material is typically characterized by its saturation magnetization, which is the maximum magnetic moment per unit volume that can be achieved in the material.

Ferromagnetic materials include iron, nickel, cobalt, and their alloys, as well as some rare-earth metals and their compounds. The study of ferromagnetism is an active area of research in condensed matter physics, with applications in various fields such as data storage, magnetic sensors, and magnetic refrigeration.