feðma

feðma is a term derived from Old Norse, often translated as "kinship" or "familial relationship." It encompasses a broader concept than modern English definitions of family, typically including not just blood relatives but also a wider network of social connections and obligations. This network could extend to sworn brothers, foster families, and even close friends who shared a significant bond.

The importance of feðma in historical Norse society cannot be overstated. It formed the bedrock of social structure, providing individuals with support, identity, and a sense of belonging. In times of conflict or hardship, the strength of one's feðma was crucial for survival and prosperity. This extended family unit was also responsible for upholding honor, avenging wrongs, and ensuring the continuation of the lineage.

The concept of feðma influenced legal systems, inheritance practices, and even religious beliefs. Loyalty within the feðma was a paramount virtue, and betrayal could have severe consequences. Understanding feðma is essential for comprehending the social dynamics, ethical codes, and cultural values of the Viking Age and related Norse societies.