fagotsüüdi

Fagotsüüdi, derived from the Greek words "phagein" (to eat) and "kytos" (cell), refers to the process by which certain cells engulf and absorb other particles. This cellular mechanism is primarily carried out by phagocytes, a type of white blood cell crucial to the immune system. Phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, identify, engulf, and then break down foreign substances like bacteria, viruses, dead cells, and cellular debris.

The process of phagocytosis involves several distinct stages. Initially, the phagocyte recognizes the target particle through specific receptors on its surface. This recognition triggers the extension of the cell's membrane, forming pseudopods that surround the particle. The pseudopods then fuse, enclosing the particle within a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. Subsequently, the phagosome merges with a lysosome, an organelle containing digestive enzymes. This fusion creates a phagolysosome, where the ingested material is degraded and neutralized by the lysosomal enzymes. The residual waste products are then eliminated from the cell.

Fagotsüüdi plays a vital role in host defense against infection by removing pathogens. It is also essential for tissue homeostasis, clearing away apoptotic cells and debris to maintain healthy tissues. Disruptions in phagocytosis can lead to various immune deficiencies and diseases.