exklávék

An exclave is a portion of a state or territory geographically separated from the main part by the territory of one or more other states. This separation means that inhabitants of the exclave are citizens of the state to which it belongs, but they must cross through foreign territory to reach their own country. Conversely, a state can also have an enclave, which is a territory entirely surrounded by the territory of a single other state. The term "penexclave" refers to a territory that is almost an exclave, but is connected to its main territory by a very narrow strip of land.

Exclaves can arise for various historical, political, or geographical reasons. They might be the result of territorial disputes, inheritances, or the redrawing of borders after wars. The governance and access to exclaves can present unique challenges, often requiring special agreements or treaties between the states involved to ensure passage and administration. Famous examples include Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave bordered by Poland and Lithuania, and Nakhchivan, an Azerbaijani exclave bordered by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey. The existence of exclaves can sometimes lead to diplomatic complexities and is an interesting facet of international geography and political science.