ethylenoxid

Ethylenoxid, also known as ethylene oxide, is an organo-oxide with the chemical formula C2H4O. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and is highly reactive due to its strained three-membered oxirane ring. Ethylene oxide is an industrially important intermediate used to make a wide range of chemicals, including glycols, surfactants, solvents, and plastics precursors. It is also widely used as a sterilant for medical instruments and packaged goods in controlled facilities.

Production and handling: Ethylene oxide is primarily produced by the partial oxidation of ethylene with oxygen over a silver or other catalyst, typically at elevated temperatures and near-ambient pressures. The process favors formation of the epoxide over complete combustion, with careful control required to minimize byproducts such as carbon dioxide. Ethylene oxide is stored and transported as a pressurized gas and must be handled with strict safety measures due to its flammability and reactive nature.

Uses: The most important use of ethylene oxide is as a chemical intermediate. It is hydrated to form ethylene glycol and further transformed into related glycols and polyols. Through ethoxylation, it is converted into a large family of surfactants and co-polymers. It is also employed in various synthesis routes for solvents, plasticizers, and cross-linking agents. Additionally, due to its antimicrobial properties, ethylene oxide is used for sterilization of heat-sensitive medical devices and other equipment.

Health and safety: Ethylene oxide is highly flammable and reactive. Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, and prolonged or repeated exposure is associated with serious health risks, including carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. It is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Regulation and engineering controls are essential in its production, storage, and use.