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Eratosthenes of Cyrene, commonly referred to as Eratosthenes, was a Greek mathematician and geographer who lived in the 3rd century BC. He is best known for his work on geography and mathematics, and for being one of the first people to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth.

Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene, a Greek colony in North Africa. He traveled to Alexandria, where he became a scholar and librarian at the Great Library of Alexandria. There, he studied under the supervision of the famous mathematician and astronomer, Archimedes.

Eratosthenes conducted extensive research on geography and mathematics, producing several treatises, including the "Geography" and the "Metrics". His work in geography was groundbreaking, and he made significant contributions to the field, including the division of the Earth into 57 latitudes, some of which he named himself.

One of Eratosthenes' most notable achievements was his calculation of the Earth's circumference. He used the angles of shadows cast by the Sun at different latitudes to calculate the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy, estimating it to be approximately 40,075 kilometers. This calculation was remarkably close to the actual circumference of the Earth.

Eratosthenes also made significant contributions to mathematics, including the development of the "Sieve of Eratosthenes", a method for finding prime numbers. Despite his significant contributions to science and mathematics, the life and death of Eratosthenes are shrouded in mystery. Little is known about his later years, and the exact date of his death is not recorded in historical records.