epigenéticas

Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications can influence how genes are read and utilized by cells, leading to observable differences in traits. Key epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, which involves the addition of a methyl group to DNA, typically at cytosine bases, and histone modification, where proteins called histones that package DNA can be chemically altered. These alterations can make DNA more or less accessible for transcription, thereby turning genes on or off.

Epigenetic marks can be established during development and can also be influenced by environmental factors such as diet, stress, and exposure to toxins. These changes can be stable and passed down through cell divisions, and in some cases, they may even be transmitted across generations. The study of epigenetics has significant implications for understanding various biological processes, including cellular differentiation, development, and disease. For instance, aberrant epigenetic patterns are implicated in the development of cancer and other complex disorders. Research in this field aims to unravel the intricate interplay between genes and environment and to develop potential therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic modifications.