enterokromaffina

Enterochromaffin cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell found in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. They are scattered throughout the stomach and intestines, playing a crucial role in digestion and gut motility. These cells are characterized by their ability to synthesize and secrete various signaling molecules, most notably serotonin.

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter, is produced in significant quantities by enterochromaffin cells. It acts locally within the gut wall to regulate a range of physiological processes. This includes influencing the contractions of smooth muscle, which propels food through the digestive system, and affecting the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen. Serotonin also plays a role in sensing the presence of nutrients and other stimuli in the gut.

Beyond serotonin, enterochromaffin cells can also produce other substances like histamine and various peptide hormones. The specific repertoire of molecules secreted can vary depending on the location within the gastrointestinal tract. Their neuroendocrine nature means they bridge the nervous system and endocrine system, responding to neural signals and releasing hormones that affect local and systemic functions. Dysregulation of enterochromaffin cell function has been implicated in various gastrointestinal disorders, highlighting their importance in maintaining gut health.