endoteliinipeptidiin

Endoteliinipeptidiin, often referred to as ET-1, is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by endothelial cells. It belongs to the endothelins family, which includes ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. ET-1 plays a crucial role in regulating vascular tone and blood pressure. Its synthesis involves a precursor protein that is cleaved to form the biologically active 21-amino acid peptide.

Endothelins exert their effects by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors on target cells, primarily smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. There are two main types of endothelin receptors: ETA and ETB. Binding to ETA receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells leads to vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure. Activation of ETB receptors on endothelial cells can, paradoxically, cause vasodilation by stimulating the release of nitric oxide, while activation of ETB receptors on smooth muscle cells also contributes to vasoconstriction.

The endothelins, particularly ET-1, are implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. They are involved in vascular development, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Dysregulation of ET-1 signaling has been linked to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Its potent vasoconstrictive properties and mitogenic effects make it a significant factor in the progression of these conditions. Research into endothelin receptor antagonists has led to the development of therapeutic agents for treating certain types of pulmonary hypertension.