endomikorrhízás

Endomikorrhízás refers to a type of mycorrhizal symbiosis where the fungal hyphae penetrate the root cells of the plant. This is in contrast to ectomycorrhizal fungi, which form a sheath around the root and do not enter the cells. In endomycorrhizal associations, the fungi form specialized structures within the plant cells called arbuscules and vesicles. Arbuscules are branched structures where nutrient exchange between the fungus and the plant occurs. Vesicles are storage structures for fungal lipids. The most common type of endomycorrhiza is arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), formed by fungi in the phylum Glomeromycota. These fungi are obligate biotrophs, meaning they can only survive in association with a living plant. The symbiotic relationship is mutually beneficial. The plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis, while the fungus enhances the plant's uptake of essential nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, from the soil. This improved nutrient acquisition can lead to increased plant growth, stress tolerance, and overall health. Endomycorrhizal associations are widespread in nature, found in a vast majority of terrestrial plants, including many crops and wild plant species. They play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems by facilitating nutrient cycling and supporting plant biodiversity.