endomikorrhizálás

Endomikorrhizálás refers to a type of symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots. In this partnership, the fungal hyphae penetrate the plant's root cells, forming specialized structures called arbuscules, where nutrient exchange occurs. These arbuscules are highly branched, maximizing the surface area for interaction between the fungus and the plant. Unlike ectomycorrhizae, where the fungus forms a sheath around the root and grows between the cells, endomycorrhizae integrate directly within the root cells.

This symbiosis is mutually beneficial. The fungus, which cannot photosynthesize, receives carbohydrates produced by the plant. In return, the plant gains enhanced access to water and nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, from the soil. The extensive network of fungal hyphae can explore a much larger volume of soil than plant roots alone, effectively extending the plant's reach for essential minerals. This improved nutrient uptake can lead to healthier plant growth, increased stress tolerance, and improved crop yields. Endomycorrhizae are widespread in nature, associating with a vast majority of plant species, including many important agricultural crops. The symbiotic association is established when fungal spores germinate near plant roots and their hyphae infect the root tissue.