endolysiner

Endolysins are enzymes produced by bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect bacteria. These enzymes play a crucial role in the bacteriophage life cycle. Specifically, endolysins are synthesized during the late stages of phage replication within the bacterial host. Once their production is complete and new phage particles are assembled, endolysins are responsible for degrading the bacterial cell wall from within. This internal lysis event causes the bacterial cell to burst, releasing the newly formed phages into the environment to infect more bacteria.

The mechanism of action for endolysins involves breaking specific chemical bonds within the peptidoglycan layer, the primary structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Different endolysins target different types of bonds, leading to a rapid and complete breakdown of the cell wall. This enzymatic activity is highly specific to bacterial peptidoglycan, which is absent in eukaryotic cells, making endolysins attractive candidates for therapeutic applications.

Due to their potent lytic activity and specificity against bacteria, endolysins are being investigated as potential antibacterial agents. They offer a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics, particularly in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Their ability to rapidly kill bacteria and their low potential for resistance development are key advantages. Research is ongoing to develop endolysin-based therapies for various bacterial infections.