endocrinien

Endocrinien is the French term for the endocrine, referring to the system of glands and hormones that regulate physiology through internal secretion. In medical contexts, it denotes the network that releases hormones directly into the bloodstream, coordinating processes from metabolism to growth and reproduction.

The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the circulatory system, allowing these chemical messengers to travel to distant target organs. Key components include the pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads (ovaries and testes), pineal gland, and thymus. Hormones such as insulin, thyroid hormones, cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone influence metabolic rate, development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Unlike the exocrine system, which uses ducts to deliver substances to specific surfaces, endocrine signaling relies on blood-borne distribution.

Endocrinology is the medical specialty that studies, diagnoses, and treats hormone-related conditions. Common disorders include diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, adrenal insufficiency, pituitary disorders, calcium and bone metabolism problems, and reproductive hormone imbalances. Evaluation typically involves hormone level testing, stimulation procedures, imaging studies, and comprehensive clinical assessment. Treatments may include hormone replacement therapy, medications that modify hormonal pathways, and lifestyle interventions to manage symptoms and restore balance.

Etymology and usage: The term endocrine derives from Greek roots meaning to secrete within. In French, endocrinien is the adjective for endocrine; the corresponding physician is endocrinologue. The English equivalent is endocrine.